Rapid detection of potato late blight using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive plant diseases that threaten global food security. Early and effective diagnosis of P. infestans is required before disease management decisions are made. Here, we developed a quick protocol to detect P. infestans based on a loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) assay. The P. infestans specific multiple copy DNA sequences(PiSMC), a transposon-like element, provides an ideal target for molecular detection of this pathogen. We designed highly specific and sensitive primers allowing effective LAMP detection of the pathogen at 64℃ in 70 min. In the validation assay, all 15 P. infestans isolates collected from China, Europe and South America could be positively detected, but results of the other 9 Phytophthora species infecting different plants, fungal and bacterial plant pathogens tested were negative. The detection limit of this assay is 1 pg P. infestans DNA. Moreover, the LAMP-PiSMC assay is able to detect P. infestans from infected leaves, tubers and soil. Taken together, this study reports the development of a specific and sensitive LAMP-PiSMC assay for early diagnosis of potato late blight.     

建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的检测技术及脱毒方法研究进展

为了弄清目前建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)病毒检测和脱毒的研究概况,本研究详细阐述了2种病毒的检测方法、采用的脱毒技术和脱毒效率,分析比较了不同技术存在的弊端,指出现有的脱毒方法已不能满足兰科植物脱毒研究的需要。在此基础上,进一步提出应采用安全、可靠的新型脱毒技术来解决目前兰科植物产业瓶颈问题。超低温脱毒技术是近年来发展迅速的脱毒技术,具有独特优势,目前已在多种植物上成功应用,该方法的应用有望解决2种病毒脱毒方面存在的问题。     

杂交稻新品种谷优6866的选育及高产栽培技术

谷优6866是福建禾丰种业股份有限公司利用福建省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的抗病水稻不育系谷丰A与自育籼型恢复系禾恢6866配组育成的三系杂交稻新品种。具有穗大粒多、丰产性和稳产性好、适应性广、较抗稻瘟病和熟期转色好等特点,2019年相继通过福建省和国家农作物品种审定。介绍了谷优6866的选育过程、区试产量表现、特征特性和高产栽培技术,为品种的推广应用提供参考。     

基于深度学习的小浆果一体化智能采摘与分选研究进展

小浆果因具有较高的营养价值和保健作用深受人们喜爱，被国际市场誉为第3代水果。随着市场需求量的增加，林业小浆果的智能采摘与分选成为一种新的趋势。目前，由于现有技术自动化和智能化程度不高，导致大量人力、物力的投入。深度学习方法的飞速发展促进了检测技术的精确作业和检测精度的提高。文中概述了深度学习的发展进程，通过总结国内外关于深度学习方法在小浆果采摘与分选中的应用，提出深度学习方法在实际应用过程中存在的问题及解决措施，并展望深度学习方法在小浆果智能采摘与分选检测方面的发展趋势。     

Effects of different carbon sources and dietary protein levels in a biofloc system on growth performance,immune response against white spot syndrome virus infection and cathepsin L gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei

A 5‐week study was performed to evaluate the effect of spoilage date extract (SDE) as the biofloc carbon source on Litopenaeus vannamei (5.4 ± 0.3 g) performance. The two levels of dietary protein (15% and 25% crude protein) and two carbohydrate sources (molasses‐M and SDE‐P) were tested including: M15, M25, P15 and P25. The minimum (0.2 ± 0.0 mg/L) and the maximum (0.5 ± 0.0 mg/L) of total ammonia nitrogen were observed in the P15 and M25 groups respectively. The highest protein efficiency ratio (6.1 ± 0.3) and protein productive value (112.3 ± 5.8%) were found in the P15 group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between biofloc treatments in the expression of cathepsin L gene in hepatopancreas (p > 0.05). The number of total haemocyte count (THC), semigranular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC) of shrimp in SDE‐based biofloc treatments was relatively higher than those in molasses‐based biofloc treatments. Following the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, a significant decrease in THC, SGC, GC and hyaline cell values was observed in all treatments (p = 0.001). Plasma biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by dietary protein levels, biofloc carbon sources as well as WSSV challenge test. In conclusion, SDE successfully could be used as an alternative carbon source for establishing a biofloc system in L. vannamei production.     

基于TaqMan qPCR检测凡纳滨对虾样品中虾肝肠胞虫并样检测方法的评价

对山东海阳和潍坊的2个养殖凡纳滨对虾群体取样，采用TaqMan qPCR逐尾检测肝胰腺中的虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)载量，再将提取的DNA样品按5并1(5∶1)、25并1(25∶1)、50并1(50∶1)、100并1(100∶1)和150并1(150∶1)进行并样，检测并样的EHP载量。设定不同临界循环数为假定灵敏度，定性判断各单尾检测阳性及并样组阳性，比较不同并样模式与检测阳性率、诊断灵敏度、诊断特异性等之间的关系以及定量的准确性。结果表明，检测灵敏度过低，会降低高并样率检测的准确性；阳性率在30%以上时，高并样率的检测结果与单样品检测相符性很好；高载量感染的阳性率不低于6.7%时，50∶1以内的并样能准确得出检测结果；低载量感染的阳性率不低于16%时，25∶1以内的并样能得出较好结果；高载量感染的1.3%阳性率和低载量感染的8%阳性率可能导致所有并样出现假阴性结果；各种并样模式均有很好的诊断特异性，50∶1并样的诊断灵敏度与OIE标准推荐的5∶1并样的接近；各并样检测的EHP载量与单样品检测平均值之比在0.27~2.83范围，二者存在极显著相关性，各种并样模式的定量检测结果在数量级水平能大致反映样品的平均EHP载量。本研究为水生动物疫病诊断和流行病学调查的样品检测提供了参考依据。     

凡纳滨对虾商业苗种抗WSSV性能比较

白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)一直是甲壳类生物的高致病性病原。为了解市场上不同凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)商业苗种病原携带情况及其抗WSSV性能,本研究收集了6个品牌的凡纳滨对虾商业苗种(分别简称为海南Z、海南S、广州P、广州Z、黄骅R和东营M),先进行包括WSSV在内的8种病原的检测,然后,采用单尾定量口饲感染方式进行抗WSSV性能测试,并比较各组苗种感染WSSV后的平均存活时间、存活率以及累积死亡率的差异。结果显示,6个商业苗种都不携带WSSV,部分苗种检测有潜在虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)和偷死野田村病毒(CMNV)。各苗种感染WSSV后,平均存活时间从长到短依次为海南Z、广州P、黄骅R、海南S、广州Z、东营M。东营M感染WSSV后第4天达到死亡高峰,而海南Z在第6~7天到达死亡高峰,比东营M晚了2~3d。感染实验结束后,海南Z和广州P存活率最高,同为72.5%,而东营M和黄骅R的存活率最低。本研究表明,海南Z和广州P抗WSSV性能最强,研究结果可为凡纳滨对虾抗病新品种的选育提供基础数据。     

中俄东线天然气管道焊接消磁技术试验

长输管道在建设、改线或维抢修作业时,常会遇到管道对口处有磁偏吹现象,使得在焊接施工时,电弧发生偏离,导致焊接缺陷甚至无法焊接施工,严重影响了工程进度及管道的本质安全。中俄东线天然气管道工程采用1422 mm口径、X80钢级管道,以往所采用的消磁方法和消磁设备已无法满足其大口径、高钢级管道的消磁作业。通过分析管道剩磁的产生机理和影响因素,得到不同消磁方法对中俄东线管道的适用性。通过现场试验验证直流消磁法,分析直流消磁和直流焊机消磁的优缺点及工作参数,提出可行性建议。     

微生物技术在烟草种植中的应用探究

由于我国科学技术的快速发展，在生物技术领域的研究也取得了很大的进步，微生物技术也 逐渐被广泛应用在农业生产之中。由于微生物可以在土壤中分解一些有害的物质，有效改变土壤环 境，从而促进农作物的生产量以及提供农作物的综合质量，所以也开始在烟草种植中逐步实施。对 此，本文对微生物技术在烟草种植中的应用进行探究，希望能为利用微生物技术进行烟草种植提供参 考作用。